The Summer Palace, known as 颐和园 (Yíhéyuán), is located approximately 15 kilometers northwest of Beijing, near the site of the historic Yuanmingyuan (the Old Summer Palace). This UNESCO World Heritage Site was originally constructed in the 18th century during the Qing Dynasty and serves as a quintessential example of Chinese landscape garden design. The palace complex covers an area of around 290 hectares, with three-quarters of its area comprising water, primarily the Kunming Lake.
One of the hidden gems of the Summer Palace is the Long Corridor, a covered walkway stretching over 728 meters. This architectural marvel is decorated with more than 14,000 paintings, each illustrating various themes from Chinese mythology, history, and literature. It is the longest corridor in any garden in China and was designed not only for aesthetic appeal but also for practical use during inclement weather.
The Kunming Lake, an artificial lake, is another significant feature of the Summer Palace. Its design mimics the shape of the West Lake in Hangzhou, integrating natural landscapes with man-made structures. The lake was completed in 1750 and serves as a focal point for many of the palace's scenic views, where visitors can enjoy boat rides and picturesque vistas, particularly the island known as Nanhu Island.
One of the most notable structures within the Summer Palace is the Tower of Buddhist Incense, which stands atop a hill overlooking Kunming Lake. This octagonal pavilion was constructed in 1750 and serves as a symbol of the palace's grandeur. The tower offers panoramic views and is often used for cultural activities and festivals.
An intriguing trivia point is that the Summer Palace served as a refuge for the Empress Dowager Cixi during the late Qing Dynasty. After the Second Opium War in 1860, when the Yuanmingyuan was destroyed by British and French forces, she ordered the reconstruction of the Summer Palace, transforming it into a lavish retreat. The palace reflects a blend of traditional Chinese architecture and Western influences, showcasing the cultural exchanges that occurred during that period.
The Summer Palace also includes the Seventeen-Arch Bridge, which connects the eastern shore of Kunming Lake to Nanhu Island. This bridge is notable for its unique design, featuring 17 arches that represent the 17th emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The bridge is adorned with 508 lion sculptures, each unique, reflecting traditional Chinese artistry.
In addition to its architectural wonders, the Summer Palace is rich in flora and fauna. It boasts over 3,000 species of plants and serves as a habitat for various birds, making it a popular spot for nature enthusiasts and photographers alike. The gardens bloom spectacularly in spring and summer, attracting visitors eager to experience its natural beauty.
The Summer Palace remains a significant cultural and historical site, drawing millions of visitors annually. Its intricate design, historical significance, and stunning natural landscapes continue to captivate and educate those who explore its grounds.