The Summer Palace, located in the Haidian District of Beijing, is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens, and palaces. It covers an area of approximately 2.9 square kilometers, making it one of the largest and best-preserved royal gardens in China. Initially built in 1750 during the Qing Dynasty, it was extensively renovated and expanded in 1860 after being destroyed during the Second Opium War.
The palace's centerpiece is the Kunming Lake, which covers about three-quarters of the park. The lake is artificial, created by damming a river and is renowned for its picturesque landscape. A notable feature is the Long Corridor, a covered walkway that stretches over 728 meters, adorned with over 14,000 colorful paintings depicting scenes from Chinese history and mythology.
One of the hidden treasures within the Summer Palace is the Marble Boat, also known as the "Boat of Purity and Ease." This structure, built in 1755, is made of stone and wood but designed to resemble a boat. It symbolizes the Empress Dowager Cixi's desire for stability and prosperity for the Qing Dynasty, despite being a metaphorical nod to the dynasty's waning power.
The Tower of Buddhist Incense is another significant structure within the palace. Standing 41 meters high, it offers stunning views of the surrounding area. The tower was designed to emulate the style of a Buddhist temple, reflecting the blending of natural beauty with spiritual significance.
An interesting fact is that the Summer Palace served as a refuge for the imperial family during the hot summer months. The serene environment, with its lush landscapes and cool waters, provided an ideal escape from the heat of Beijing. The gardens are designed in the traditional Chinese landscape style, emphasizing the harmony between nature and architecture.
In addition to its architectural marvels, the Summer Palace is home to diverse flora and fauna. Over 3,000 species of plants thrive in the park, and it is a crucial habitat for various birds, making it a popular spot for birdwatching.
The palace complex was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998, recognized for its historical significance and stunning beauty. It symbolizes the artistic and cultural achievements of the Qing Dynasty and is an essential part of China's heritage.