The Summer Palace, or Yiheyuan, is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens, and palaces located in Beijing, China. It was originally constructed in the 18th century and is renowned for its stunning landscape design that harmonizes with the natural topography. The palace complex covers approximately 2.9 square kilometers, making it one of the largest and most well-preserved royal parks in the world.
One of the most fascinating features of the Summer Palace is the Kunming Lake, which occupies about three-quarters of the total area. The lake was artificially created by the Qing Dynasty and is divided into several sections, including islands and bridges. The most famous bridge is the Seventeen-Arch Bridge, which spans 150 meters and features 17 arches, symbolizing the connection between heaven and earth.
The Longevity Hill, rising 60 meters above the lake, represents a significant architectural feat. It is home to several important structures, including the Buddhist Fragrance Pavilion, which offers panoramic views of the surrounding area. The hill is primarily composed of artificial earth, created from the soil excavated for Kunming Lake, showcasing the ingenuity of Qing landscape architects.
Hidden within the Summer Palace are numerous cultural relics and ancient artworks. The complex features over 3,000 ancient trees, some of which are over 100 years old. The Painted Gallery, a long corridor adorned with beautiful artwork, is notable for its 14,000 paintings depicting various scenes from Chinese history and mythology. This gallery stretches 728 meters, making it one of the longest covered walkways in the world.
The Summer Palace is also home to the Imperial Garden, which is designed in the classical Chinese style. It includes various elements, such as rockeries, water features, and pavilions, reflecting the principles of feng shui. The garden is meant to evoke a sense of tranquility and harmony with nature, a common theme in traditional Chinese landscape design.
A lesser-known fact is that the Summer Palace served as a refuge for the Empress Dowager Cixi during the late Qing Dynasty. She significantly influenced the renovations of the palace after the Second Opium War, incorporating Western architectural styles alongside traditional Chinese elements. This blend of styles is evident in structures such as the European-style Marble Boat, which symbolizes the empress's desire for stability and prosperity.
The Summer Palace was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998, recognized for its cultural significance and outstanding universal value. It remains a popular destination for both domestic and international tourists, offering a glimpse into China's rich imperial history and exquisite landscape architecture.