The Summer Palace, known as 颐和园 (Yiheyuan) in Mandarin, is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens, and palaces situated in the Haidian District of Beijing, China, near 北洼路 (Beiwalu Road). It was originally constructed in the 18th century during the Qing Dynasty and serves as a stunning example of traditional Chinese landscape design. The palace covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers, making it one of the largest royal parks in the world.
One interesting aspect of the Summer Palace is its harmonious integration of natural landscapes and architectural features. The design of the gardens, lakes, and hills is meticulously crafted to reflect the principles of Chinese feng shui. The most notable feature is the Kunming Lake, which occupies a significant portion of the grounds and was artificially excavated to enhance the landscape's beauty. The lake's design allows for scenic views and leisurely boat rides, contributing to the palace's tranquil atmosphere.
The Long Corridor, a covered walkway stretching over 700 meters, is another remarkable highlight. It is adorned with thousands of colorful paintings depicting various scenes from Chinese mythology, history, and nature. This corridor not only provides a scenic route but also served as a shelter from the sun and rain for the imperial family. It is said that each painting tells a story, making it a unique gallery of art in its own right.
A lesser-known fact is that the Summer Palace was partially destroyed during the second Opium War in 1860. The subsequent restoration efforts were led by Empress Dowager Cixi, who transformed it into a summer retreat for the imperial family. During her reign, the palace became a center for cultural activities, and many of the existing structures were built or refurbished during this time, including the iconic Tower of Buddhist Incense.
The palace is also home to the Suzhou Street, a recreation of a traditional Chinese market designed to evoke the atmosphere of the Jiangnan region. This street features shops and pavilions, allowing visitors to experience traditional crafts and local delicacies. Interestingly, the street was built to entertain the Empress and her entourage while providing a semblance of bustling market life.
Today, the Summer Palace is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its historical significance and beauty. It attracts millions of visitors each year, who come to explore its rich history and picturesque scenery. The blend of natural and architectural elements offers a unique perspective on China's imperial past and the artistry of its landscape design.