The Summer Palace, located near 北洼路 (Bei Wa Lu) in Beijing, China, is an expansive royal garden and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, covering approximately 2.9 square kilometers. Originally constructed in 1750 during the Qing Dynasty, it served as a luxurious retreat for emperors and their families. The palace complex features stunning landscapes, lakes, and gardens, making it a quintessential example of traditional Chinese garden design.
One of the most intriguing aspects of the Summer Palace is the architectural harmony between natural landscapes and human-made structures. The design incorporates elements such as hills, water, and trees to create a serene environment. The centerpiece, Kunming Lake, was artificially created by damming a local river, and it covers about three-quarters of the palace area. The lake is dotted with islands and bridges, with the most famous being the Seventeen Arch Bridge, which connects the eastern shore to Nanhu Island.
The Summer Palace also boasts the Long Corridor, a covered walkway measuring over 700 meters long, adorned with thousands of hand-painted scenes depicting historical events, landscapes, and folklore. The intricate artwork offers a glimpse into Chinese culture and history, as each painting tells a unique story. It is the longest corridor in a Chinese garden, and walking through it provides a visually captivating experience.
Hidden within the Summer Palace are numerous pavilions and halls, each with its own historical significance. The Tower of Buddhist Incense, located on Longevity Hill, offers panoramic views of the surrounding area and is a prime example of classical Chinese architecture. Visitors can also explore the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity, where emperors conducted state affairs and received officials.
One lesser-known fact is that the Summer Palace was heavily damaged during the Second Opium War in 1860. It was later rebuilt under the supervision of Empress Dowager Cixi, who transformed it into a lavish retreat, adding features like the marble boat on Kunming Lake. This boat, known as the Marble Boat, symbolizes stability and prosperity, despite its lack of seaworthiness.
The Summer Palace remains a testament to the ingenuity and artistry of Chinese landscape architecture, attracting millions of visitors annually. Its blend of natural beauty and historical depth makes it an essential destination for those exploring Beijing's rich cultural heritage.