The term "Forbidden City" primarily refers to the historic palace complex in Beijing, known as the Forbidden City. However, the mention of Xidan may lead to some confusion, as it is not directly associated with the Forbidden City but is located nearby, serving as an important commercial district in Beijing.
The Forbidden City served as the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties, spanning from 1420 to 1912. It covers approximately 180 acres and is surrounded by a moat that is about 6 meters wide. The complex consists of around 980 buildings, each constructed using traditional Chinese architectural methods, illustrating the grandeur of imperial China.
One of the most intriguing aspects is the layout of the Forbidden City, which is based on ancient Chinese cosmology. The design reflects the concept of the universe with the emperor at the center, symbolizing the connection between heaven and earth. The structures are arranged along a north-south axis, which is significant in Chinese culture, representing stability and harmony.
The color scheme of the buildings is also noteworthy. Red walls and yellow roofs dominate the complex, as these colors symbolize good fortune and the emperor's power, respectively. Interestingly, yellow was reserved exclusively for the emperor and his family, while red is associated with happiness and prosperity in Chinese culture.
Within the Forbidden City lies the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the largest structure in the complex. This hall was used for major ceremonies, including the emperor's coronation and weddings. It is raised on a platform of marble and features an intricately carved wooden roof adorned with dragon motifs, symbolizing imperial authority.
Hidden within the complex are numerous artifacts, including over 1.8 million items housed in the Palace Museum, which occupies the Forbidden City. These items range from ceramics, paintings, to ancient manuscripts, offering a glimpse into China's rich history and culture.
Visitors may also be surprised to learn about the "secret" gardens and courtyards that are less frequented, providing a tranquil atmosphere amidst the bustling crowds. The Imperial Garden, located at the northern end, showcases classical Chinese landscape design and serves as a reflection of the emperors' leisure activities.
Overall, the Forbidden City, while often overshadowed by its iconic status, is filled with lesser-known facts that reveal the complexity and grandeur of China's imperial past. Exploring these facets deepens the appreciation of this UNESCO World Heritage site and its significance in understanding Chinese history.