The Summer Palace, known as 颐和园, is located in the Haidian District of Beijing, near the road named 拥军路. This UNESCO World Heritage Site covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers and is primarily dominated by Kunming Lake and Longevity Hill. The palace complex is a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design, showcasing a harmonious blend of natural beauty and man-made structures.
The Summer Palace was originally constructed in the 18th century during the Qing Dynasty, serving as a royal retreat. It was commissioned by Emperor Qianlong to celebrate his mother's 60th birthday. The complex underwent significant redesigns, particularly after the Second Opium War, when it was partially destroyed by British and French troops in 1860. Empress Dowager Cixi later renovated the palace, transforming it into a luxurious retreat for the imperial family.
One of the most fascinating features of the Summer Palace is the Long Corridor, which spans approximately 728 meters. It is adorned with over 14,000 colorful paintings depicting various scenes from Chinese mythology, history, and landscapes. The corridor served not only as a walkway but also as a shaded passage for the imperial family during sunny days, adding both aesthetic and functional value to the complex.
Another hidden gem within the Summer Palace is the Marble Boat, also known as the "Boat of Purity and Ease." This unique structure was built in 1755 and symbolizes the Qing Dynasty's stability. Interestingly, the boat is made of wood but is designed to resemble marble, showcasing the exquisite craftsmanship of the era. The boat was used for leisure activities, including poetry recitals and gatherings.
The Summer Palace also features the Seventeen Arch Bridge, a remarkable architectural feat that connects the eastern shore of Kunming Lake to Nanhu Island. The bridge is 150 meters long and has 17 arches, which represent harmony and balance in Chinese culture. Each arch is designed to allow for varying water levels, showcasing advanced engineering techniques of the time.
Visitors often overlook the intricate details of the pavilions scattered throughout the grounds. The Hall of Benevolence and Longevity is one such pavilion where emperors conducted state affairs and received officials. The ceiling features stunning wooden carvings, while the walls are adorned with intricate murals, reflecting the artistry of the Qing Dynasty.
The Summer Palace is not just a tourist destination but also a site rich in history and culture. It represents the zenith of Chinese garden design and imperial architecture, embodying the philosophical concepts of harmony with nature and the importance of leisure in imperial life. Its beauty and historical significance make it a vital part of China's cultural heritage.