The Summer Palace near Wanyuan, Beijing, is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens, and palaces, representing a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design. Originally named "Qingyi Yuan," or "Garden of Clear Ripples," it covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers, nearly three-quarters of which is water. The palace was first built in 1750 during the Qing Dynasty and was primarily used as a royal retreat.
One of the most fascinating aspects of the Summer Palace is its integration with nature. The design emphasizes harmony between the built environment and the natural landscape, embodying the principles of feng shui. The palace complex is situated on the banks of Kunming Lake, which was man-made and expanded from a smaller existing waterbody. The lake’s design incorporates various islands and waterways, enhancing its aesthetic and symbolic significance.
The architectural style of the Summer Palace is predominantly Chinese classical, featuring intricate wooden structures adorned with colorful tiles and carvings. Notable structures include the Longevity Hill and the famous Marble Boat, which is made of stone but painted to resemble marble. The Marble Boat serves as a symbol of the Qing Dynasty’s decline since it represents the opulence of the past amidst the loss of imperial power.
The gardens are home to over 3,000 ancient trees, some over 200 years old, providing shade and beauty. The Seventeen-Arch Bridge is another highlight, stretching 150 meters and adorned with 544 lion sculptures. This bridge connects the eastern shore to Nanhu Island and is a remarkable example of traditional Chinese architecture.
In addition to its architectural wonders, the Summer Palace has historical significance. It was the site of the Second Opium War in 1860 when British and French troops looted and burned much of the palace. The restoration efforts that followed led to the addition of new features, including the iconic Long Corridor, which is 728 meters long and decorated with thousands of paintings.
The Summer Palace is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognized for its cultural significance and outstanding universal value. It attracts millions of visitors each year who come to appreciate its beauty and history. The site remains a vital part of Beijing's cultural heritage, illustrating the grandeur of imperial China while serving as a peaceful escape from the bustling city.