Abbot Kinney was an intriguing figure, a man of vision and eccentricity, who left an indelible mark on Los Angeles by founding Venice, a coastal community in the city. Born on November 16, 1850, in New Brunswick, New Jersey, Kinney was a tobacco magnate, real estate developer, and philanthropist. After making his fortune in the tobacco industry, he turned his entrepreneurial attention to Southern California.
The Birth of Venice of America
In the early 1900s, Kinney purchased a marshy tract of land just south of Santa Monica. Inspired by his travels to Italy, particularly Venice, he envisioned creating a cultural and recreational haven that replicated the charm and beauty of the Italian city. Determined to bring his vision to life, he began constructing a network of canals, complete with gondolas and imported gondoliers from Italy.
On July 4, 1905, Kinney officially opened Venice of America, much to the delight of locals and tourists. The area featured lavish resorts, a 1,200-foot-long pier with an auditorium, and an amusement park. Kinney’s Venice quickly became known as "The Coney Island of the Pacific," drawing crowds who marveled at the novelty and beauty of the place.
The Canals and Architecture
The canals, which were initially a major selling point of Venice, were dug by hand and extended for miles. Kinney's goal was to create an environment that promoted leisurely boating and scenic views. Although many of these canals were later filled in due to sanitation concerns and the advent of the automobile, a few still exist today and are a treasured part of the Venice Canal Historic District. These remaining canals are lined with beautiful homes and lush vegetation, making it a popular spot for both residents and visitors.
Kinney’s architectural vision for Venice was equally ambitious. He wanted buildings that would evoke the grandeur of European cities. To this end, he commissioned structures with intricate facades, columns, and arches. One notable example is the Venice Beach Recreation Center, which still stands today as a testament to Kinney’s architectural influence.
Financial Ups and Downs
Despite its initial success, Venice of America faced financial difficulties. The upkeep of the canals and the amusement park proved costly, and Kinney found himself struggling to maintain his dream. In 1920, the city of Los Angeles annexed Venice, leading to further changes and development that sometimes clashed with Kinney’s original vision.
Quirky Facts and Trivia
Imported Sand: To create the perfect beach experience, Kinney imported white sand from other parts of California. He even brought in camels for a brief period to give visitors a taste of exotic adventures.
Venice's Own Currency: For a time, Venice had its own form of currency known as "Kinney Coupons," which could be used at local establishments.
Electric Streetcars: Kinney installed electric streetcars to transport visitors around Venice, a novelty at the time.
The Abbot Kinney Pier: The pier was a central attraction featuring marine gardens, a dance hall, and even a roller coaster. Unfortunately, it was destroyed by fire in 1920 but was rebuilt and continued to be a focal point of entertainment.
Legacy and Influence
Although Abbot Kinney passed away in 1920, his legacy lives on. Venice remains one of Los Angeles' most vibrant and eclectic neighborhoods, known for its bohemian spirit, artistic community, and bustling boardwalk. The Venice Beach Boardwalk is a hub of activity, featuring street performers, artists, vendors, and the famous Muscle Beach.
Kinney’s ambitious project may have faced numerous challenges, but his vision paved the way for a unique cultural landmark. Today, Venice is a blend of historic charm and modern vibrancy, attracting millions of visitors each year who come to enjoy its beaches, canals, and artistic flair.
In essence, Abbot Kinney’s dream of creating a "Venice of America" became a reality, albeit one that evolved over time. His innovative spirit and dedication to creating something extraordinary continue to inspire and captivate those who visit this iconic part of Los Angeles.