Tenth Avenue, also known as Amsterdam Avenue in its northern sections, has a rich and multifaceted role in New York City's transportation history. This avenue has seen significant transformations from the 19th century to the present day.
In the mid-1800s, Tenth Avenue gained notoriety due to the New York Central Railroad tracks running along its surface. This caused frequent accidents, leading to the avenue being nicknamed "Death Avenue." To mitigate this, the West Side Cowboys were employed. These men rode horses in front of trains, waving red flags to warn pedestrians and vehicles of oncoming trains.
In 1934, the construction of the High Line elevated freight line drastically changed the landscape of Tenth Avenue. This project was part of the West Side Improvement Project, which aimed to eliminate street-level train traffic and the associated dangers. The High Line, now repurposed into a public park, stretches from Gansevoort Street to 34th Street and has become an iconic part of the West Side.
During the 20th century, Tenth Avenue served as a significant thoroughfare for both vehicular traffic and public transportation. The New York City Omnibus Corporation operated bus services that ran along the avenue, providing crucial connectivity to various parts of Manhattan.
A lesser-known fact is the avenue's contribution to the city's water infrastructure. The Croton Aqueduct had a conduit running underneath part of Tenth Avenue, ensuring a steady water supply to the city's growing population.
In recent years, Tenth Avenue has seen significant urban developments and gentrification, particularly in the Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea neighborhoods. The Hudson Yards project, a massive real estate development, has reshaped the area around its northern end, adding to its transportation significance with the extension of the 7 Subway Line.
Tenth Avenue also plays a role in the city's emergency services network. The FDNY Engine 34/Ladder 21 firehouse, located at 440 West 38th Street, serves the surrounding community, providing essential fire protection and emergency medical services.
Moreover, the avenue's transformation is marked by its cultural contributions. The Irish Arts Center, situated at 726 11th Avenue near Tenth, is a hub for Irish culture and arts, reflecting the historical influence of Irish immigrants in the area.
Tenth Avenue's role in transportation history is also marked by its architectural landmarks. The London Terrace Apartments, built in the 1930s, span the blocks between Ninth and Tenth Avenues from 23rd to 24th Streets, representing a significant development in urban residential architecture.
Overall, Tenth Avenue stands as a testament to New York City's dynamic transportation history, reflecting its evolution from a perilous railway path to a bustling urban thoroughfare.