Murray Hill, a neighborhood in Manhattan, New York, has a rich history that dates back to the 18th century. The area is named after Robert Murray, a prosperous Quaker merchant who established his estate, known as "Inclenberg" or "Incleberg," on what is now known as Murray Hill. The estate, built in 1762, was situated on a hill that offered a clear view of both the East River and the Hudson River.
Robert Murray's wife, Mary Lindley Murray, played a notable role during the American Revolutionary War. She famously delayed British General William Howe and his troops by inviting them to tea, allowing General George Washington's forces to escape during the Battle of Kips Bay in 1776. This act of hospitality and cunning is a celebrated piece of local lore.
The development of Murray Hill began in earnest in the mid-19th century. In the 1840s, Clement Clarke Moore, the author of "A Visit from St. Nicholas" (more commonly known as "The Night Before Christmas"), sold much of his Chelsea estate to fund the construction of the General Theological Seminary. His involvement in real estate helped shape the residential character of Murray Hill.
By the late 19th century, Murray Hill had become an elite enclave, home to some of New York's wealthiest families. The area was characterized by its grand brownstones and mansions. One of the most notable residents was J.P. Morgan, the influential banker and financier, who lived in a mansion on Madison Avenue.
Murray Hill's architectural legacy includes the Murray Hill Historic District, which was designated in 2002. This district preserves the neighborhood's 19th-century charm, with many buildings reflecting Italianate, Second Empire, and Romanesque Revival styles.
In the early 20th century, the neighborhood saw a shift as office buildings and hotels began to replace some of the residential properties. The Murray Hill Hotel, built in 1884, was a famous landmark until its demolition in 1947. Its site is now occupied by the New York Public Library's Science, Industry, and Business Library.
Murray Hill also has its share of hidden gems. The Sniffen Court Historic District, a small private alley with 10 charming mews houses, offers a unique glimpse into the city’s past. Another interesting site is the Church of the Incarnation, an Episcopal church completed in 1865, known for its beautiful stained glass windows by artists such as Tiffany and La Farge.
The neighborhood's name endures as a tribute to its early settlers and their contributions to New York City's development. From its origins as farmland and a Revolutionary War site to its rise as a residential and commercial hub, Murray Hill's history is a fascinating tapestry of events and personalities.