Yonggungsa Temple, located in U-dong, Busan, is one of South Korea's most unique and picturesque Buddhist temples. Unlike most temples in Korea, which are typically nestled in the mountains, Yonggungsa sits on the coast, offering stunning views of the East Sea.
The temple was originally built in 1376 during the Goryeo Dynasty by the great Buddhist teacher Naong Hyegeun. It was later destroyed during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598) and was rebuilt in the 1930s by the monk Uryeon. The temple is renowned for its harmonious blend of natural beauty and spiritual tranquility.
A significant feature of Yonggungsa is the Haesu Gwaneum Daebul, or the Seawater Great Goddess Buddha, a large statue of the Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara, who is believed to grant wishes and bring good fortune. The statue stands majestically overlooking the ocean, symbolizing the protection of the fishermen and the sea.
Another notable structure is the Daeungjeon Main Sanctuary, which houses the main Buddha statue. This hall is particularly interesting because it faces the sea, a rare orientation among Korean temples, which typically face south. The sanctuary is adorned with intricate wood carvings and vibrant paintings depicting Buddhist teachings.
Visitors to Yonggungsa Temple can also explore the 108 Steps leading down to the temple complex. These steps symbolize the 108 earthly temptations of Buddhism, and descending them is a meditative exercise meant to purify the soul. Along the way, visitors encounter various statues and pagodas, including the Twelve Zodiac Statues that represent the twelve animals of the Eastern zodiac calendar.
An intriguing aspect of the temple is its association with the local legend of the Golden Pig. According to legend, a golden pig appeared near the temple, and it was believed that anyone who saw the pig would gain wealth. This legend attracts many visitors who hope to encounter good fortune.
Yonggungsa Temple is also known for its vibrant Buddha’s Birthday celebrations. During this festival, the temple is adorned with thousands of colorful lanterns, creating a breathtaking spectacle at night. The event draws both locals and tourists, making it one of the most popular times to visit the temple.
The temple complex includes a stone pagoda with four lions, symbolizing joy, anger, sadness, and happiness. These emotional representations are meant to remind visitors of the transient nature of human experiences.
For those interested in astrology, the temple features a small shrine dedicated to the Dragon King, where visitors can offer prayers and seek blessings. This adds another layer of cultural depth to the temple, blending Buddhist practices with local folklore.
In summary, Yonggungsa Temple's coastal location, historical significance, and unique architectural elements make it a fascinating site for both spiritual seekers and cultural enthusiasts.