Beihai Park, situated in the Xicheng District of Beijing, is one of the city’s oldest and most revered imperial gardens. Spanning over 69 hectares, the park originally served as a royal retreat during the Liao, Jin, and Yuan dynasties. The name "Beihai," meaning "North Sea," refers to the large lake at the park's center, which is actually an artificial body of water created over a millennium ago.
A fascinating aspect of Beihai Park is its intricate historical architecture. The park is home to the iconic White Dagoba, a stupa built in 1271 during the Yuan Dynasty. This structure, representing the Buddhist stupa, stands at 35 meters high and is a significant symbol of the park. Visitors can climb to its base for panoramic views of the surrounding area, including a breathtaking view of the Forbidden City.
Another hidden gem within Beihai Park is the Nine-Dragon Wall, an example of traditional Chinese masonry. This 27-meter long wall is adorned with nine dragons, which symbolize power and imperial authority. It is one of the few remaining dragon walls in China and showcases exquisite craftsmanship, featuring colorful glazed tiles that have remained vibrant through centuries.
The park also hosts the Round City, a unique architectural feature that dates back to the Ming Dynasty. The Round City is surrounded by a moat and is accessed via bridges, resembling an island. It houses several halls and pavilions, where emperors would hold court and host important ceremonies. This architectural layout exemplifies the harmony between nature and man-made structures, a principle deeply rooted in Chinese culture.
Flora and fauna in Beihai Park are another highlight. The park features over 100 species of trees, including ancient cypress and willow trees, some of which are several hundred years old. The park also serves as a habitat for various bird species, making it a popular spot for birdwatchers. The seasonal changes in the park make it a picturesque destination year-round, whether it be the cherry blossoms in spring or the vibrant autumn leaves.
Cultural activities abound in Beihai Park. Tai Chi enthusiasts can often be seen practicing in the early mornings, while traditional Chinese music and dance performances unfold in various corners of the park. Visitors can also rent paddle boats to explore the lake, providing a unique vantage point from which to admire the park’s beauty.
Lastly, Beihai Park has played a role in significant historical events, including the Boxer Rebellion in 1900. The park was a refuge for foreign troops during this tumultuous period, highlighting its strategic importance in Beijing's history. The blend of natural beauty, historical architecture, and cultural significance makes Beihai Park a vital piece of Beijing’s heritage.